BOKKA Blog
Latest articles on PIR insulation, construction industry guides.
Tent hall or sandwich panel hall — which pays off year-round
An honest comparison of tent halls and sandwich panel halls: insulation, heating, snow, durability, livestock. When a tent makes sense — and when you pay every winter.
Sandwich panel garage — structure, core thickness, costs and installation. An investor's guide
A sandwich panel garage step by step: the load-bearing frame, core thickness, gate and door, a double garage, grade II panels and what really drives the price.
izoGRASS® Tapered Insulation Wedges — Calculating a 2% Roof Fall for a Flat Roof Step by Step
How to calculate PIR tapered wedges for a 2% flat roof. Formulas, schematics, selecting ridge height. Plus 4 designer mistakes and how to avoid them.
Gór-Stal sandwich panels and a facing for a C5 environment
A C5 environment (ISO 12944) demands a premium facing. Colorcoat Prisma — the new C5 standard on GS insPIRe sandwich panels (RC5+, Ruv5, Confidex to 40 years).
EPD and carbon footprint of sandwich panels and PIR — ESG in construction
What an EPD per EN 15804 is, how to read the carbon footprint (GWP) of sandwich panels and PIR, and its role in BREEAM, LEED, the EU taxonomy and green tenders.
How many PIR or sandwich panels for a roof — how to calculate (formulas + calculator)
How to calculate roof area and the number of PIR or sandwich panels: plan, slope factor, cover width, laps, allowance for cuts and flashings.
Details and plinths in cold stores and freezers — floor, corner and door junctions
Cold-store plinths, the wall-to-floor junction, coved corners, door reveals and vapour control. How to resolve cold-store junctions from sandwich panels without bridges.
Livestock buildings from sandwich panels — piggery, cowshed, poultry house
Piggery, cowshed and poultry house from sandwich panels: fast assembly, insulation and hygiene. How an aggressive atmosphere shapes facing and corrosivity choice.
Hall and warehouse roof from sandwich panels — slope, drainage, fixing
Hall roof from sandwich panels: how a roof panel insPIRe D differs from PIR insulation boards, minimum slope per manufacturer, drainage, purlin fixing and laps.
How to calculate the U-value of a sandwich panel and PIR assembly (step by step)
The U-value step by step: the difference between λ and U, the U = 1/R formula, Rsi/Rse resistances, an example for a sandwich panel and PIR, plus WT 2021 limits.
Load-bearing capacity and span of sandwich panels — matching thickness to support spacing
What drives sandwich panel load capacity, how to read manufacturer span tables and match core thickness to support spacing, loads and the static scheme.
Installing sandwich panels in hot weather — expansion, joints, colour choice
How to install sandwich panels in summer: thermal expansion of steel, oil-canning, clearances and joints, dark facing colours and organising work in the heat.
Summer overheating of attics and halls — thermal phase shift and comfort
Why attics and halls overheat in summer. Phase shift, amplitude damping, the role of mass and insulation, plus ventilation and roof colour — without the myths.
Accessories and fixings for sandwich panels — a complete guide
What to order besides the panels: tapes and butyl for the locks, self-drilling screws, lifting grips, flashings and profiles. A guide for the contractor and installer.
Containers and modular buildings from sandwich panels — construction and selection
Modular buildings from sandwich panels: site offices, catering, storerooms, gatehouses. Construction principle, sizing the thickness for insulation, and what to watch.
insPIRe S, U, D and CH — which sandwich panel variant to choose
A guide to the GS insPIRe sandwich panel line: variants S, U, D and CH — wall, roof and cold-store. When to use which, applications, the PIR core and MAX versions.
Płyta obornicka — what it is, and why it is simply a sandwich panel
Płyta obornicka is a colloquial name for a sandwich panel — steel facings and a PIR or wool core. We explain the name's origin, applications and grade I vs II.
FM Approved for roofs and sandwich panels — what it means for the investor and insurer
FM Approved vs CE/Euroclass: what the FM Global certificate is, how it affects the policy and the fire and wind risk of a sandwich panel building.
Sandwich panel hall — a guide: structure, panel selection, cost and build time
How to build a sandwich panel hall: steel structure, wall and roof panel selection, thermal performance to WT 2021, cost and time. Advice for Krakow and beyond.
ETICS on termPIR® ETX — Complete System + 5 Most Common Contractor Mistakes
ETICS system on termPIR ETX per ETA 17/0066: layers, adhesive, anchors, mesh, render. 5 contractor mistakes that lower R and void the warranty.
Cold Store / Freezer with GS insPIRe CH — Wall Build-Up for -30°C
GS insPIRe CH sandwich panel for cold stores and freezers: λD 0.022 (MAX 0.019), thicknesses 100-250 mm, PZH hygiene class, HACCP. Practical wall + ceiling build-up.
Thermal Bridges at Window Joints with PIR — 6 Details with Isotherms
Thermal bridges around windows account for 40% of heat loss. 6 proven PIR window-reveal insulation details: sill, lintel, jamb. Psi formulas + isotherms.
Acoustics R'w 30/35/40 dB in Sandwich Panel Halls
Sound reduction of GS MW QA sandwich panels (wool): R'w 30-40 dB. Table per thickness. When PIR vs wool in a hall. Legal acoustic limits for production halls.
Reaction-to-Fire Euroclasses A1/A2/B/C/D/E/F — What They Mean in Design Practice
Reaction-to-fire classes EN 13501-1: A1, A2-s1 d0, B-s1 d0, C, D, E, F. What the letters and the s and d indices mean. A practical guide for designers.
PIR Boards vs Mineral Wool — Total Cost of Ownership Comparison (30 Years)
PIR or mineral wool? A 30-year TCO comparison for a 200 m² building: material, installation, energy and repair costs. Hard numbers + decision scenarios.
1000 m² Warehouse — termPIR® or Sandwich Panels? Cost, Time, Operation Comparison
1000 m² warehouse: termPIR® in masonry construction or GS insPIRe / GS MW sandwich panels? Comparison of cost, build time, 10-year operation.
Passive house — termPIR over-rafter system for EUco 15 kWh/m²/year
PHI passive standard: roof U ≤ 0.10. Practical termPIR over-rafter system for EUco 15 kWh/m²/year. Thickness chart, cost, AL vs MAX 19 alternatives.
Thermomodernization tax relief 2026 — limits, VAT invoices, how to claim in PIT
Thermomodernization tax relief 2026 up to 53,000 zł per person. What qualifies (PIR boards, tapered wedges), invoices, when to deduct in PIT-37/36/36L/28.
termPIR® AL vs termPIR® MAX 19 — when is it worth paying extra for λD 0.019?
Comparison of termPIR AL (λD 0.022) and MAX 19 (λD 0.019). When the 30% premium pays off in partition thickness, when it doesn't. Roof, wall, floor scenarios.
How to read DoP, ETA and AVCP certificate — a guide for designers and buyers
DoP, ETA, AVCP, PZH hygiene certificate — what they mean, how to verify, what's missing. Step-by-step guide for designers and buyers of construction materials.
BROOF(t1) for PIR Roofs — 8 Proven Coverage Configurations + Test Conditions
BROOF(t1) is valid only for the tested combination: covering + substrate + PIR thickness + slope. Table of 8 proven configurations: termPIR + PVC/TPO/EPDM/bitumen.
EI 120 for sandwich panels — under what conditions? 10 pitfalls of fire classification
EI 120 class for sandwich panels applies only under test conditions: span, fixings, joints, orientation. Designer's guide with table of real classes.
Sandwich panels second grade — what it exactly means and when it makes sense
Second grade sandwich panels: where defects come from, when λ is preserved, no DoP/no warranty claims, where to use (garage, carport, farm cold room), where not allowed.
PIR vs EPS/XPS vs Mineral Wool: ROI Analysis for Designers | BOKKA
B2B comparison of PIR boards, EPS/XPS and mineral wool for designers. λD, fire class, acoustics, EPD, TCO. Hard numbers for WT 2021 and EPBD 2030.
EPBD 2030 & Zero-Emission Buildings — Role of PIR Boards | BOKKA
EPBD Directive 2024/1275 requires zero-emission buildings from 2030. See how PIR boards (λD 0.019–0.022) meet ZEB and WT 2021 requirements.
Energy Retrofit Before the 2026/2027 Season — Planning Guide
Spring 2026 retrofit — why May/June is the optimal window. PIR boards λD 0.022, WT 2021 U-values, thickness selection and schedule before heating season.
izoGRASS® PIR Boards Without Facing — Insulation Core | BOKKA
izoGRASS® PIR boards without facing: λD 0.027 W/(m·K), fire class E, used as cores in roof and wall systems. Parameters, standards, installation.
PIR Tapered Insulation izoGRASS® — Flat Roof Drainage & Insulation
PIR tapered insulation izoGRASS® — flat roof slope shaping, λD 0.027 W/(m·K), WT 2021 compliance. Layout design and thickness selection guide.
Silesia Anti-Smog Resolution and PIR Thermal Upgrades | BOKKA
Coal ban in Silesia, mandatory CEEB registration and WT 2021 requirements. How termPIR® PIR boards support thermal upgrades and low-emission goals.
WHO 2021 Air Quality Guidelines and Thermal Retrofit in Poland
WHO's tighter PM2.5 and NO₂ limits force deeper retrofits. See how PIR boards cut CO₂ emissions from buildings and help fight smog in Poland.
Energy Retrofit with PIR Boards and WT 2021 in Practice | BOKKA
Energy retrofit step by step: audit, U-value per WT 2021, selecting PIR boards (λD 0.022) for walls, roofs and foundations. Concrete thicknesses and standards.
Building Insulation for Heatwaves — PIR Boards & Summer Comfort
How to protect a building from heatwaves? PIR boards with λD 0.022 W/(m·K) limit overheating, cut cooling costs and meet WT 2021 requirements.
Insulating a Steel Garage with PIR Boards — B2B Guide | BOKKA
How to insulate a steel garage effectively? PIR boards with λD 0.022 W/(m·K), internal and external mounting, thicknesses, U-values and fire classes.
Smog in Kraków 2024 — AGH study and the role of thermal upgrades | BOKKA
AGH study for Kraków: PM10 -45%, PM2.5 -43%, B(a)P -42%. The role of thermal upgrades and PIR insulation boards in reducing low-stack emissions.
Smog and Allergies — How PIR Thermal Upgrades Cut Emissions | BOKKA
Jagiellonian University study: PM2.5 dust triggers allergic reactions in 75% of people. PIR thermal upgrades (λD 0.022) cut low-stack emissions and meet WT 2021.
Dog House Insulation with PIR Boards — Practical Guide | BOKKA
How to insulate a dog house with termPIR® AL boards. Lambda 0.022, moisture resistance, thickness selection, step-by-step installation. BOKKA technical guide.
Basement Ceiling Insulation with PIR Boards — Selection & Installation
How to insulate a basement ceiling with PIR boards? λD 0.022, U ≤ 0.25 W/m²K per WT 2021, thickness selection, installation, thermal bridge elimination.
Roof Thermal Insulation — Why PIR Boards Set the WT 2021 Standard
Roof insulation with PIR boards — λD 0.022 parameters, thicknesses, U-values per WT 2021, over-rafter and under-rafter installation. Practical B2B guide.
Window Replacement and Warm Installation with PIR Insulation | BOKKA
Window replacement with warm installation in the PIR insulation layer. Eliminating thermal bridges at reveals, WT 2021 parameters, installation details.
Inverted Roof Insulation with PIR Boards — Layers, U-value, WT 2021
Inverted roof with PIR insulation — layer build-up, thickness selection, U ≤ 0.15 W/m²K per WT 2021, tapered insulation and load analysis. B2B guide.
PV on PIR Sandwich Panel Roofs — Mounting and Design | BOKKA
How to correctly design a PIR sandwich panel roof for a PV installation — facing thickness, fixings, load capacity, fire classes.
Attic Insulation with PIR Boards — WT 2021 Compliance | BOKKA
Attic insulation with PIR boards — over-rafter and under-rafter methods, λD 0.022 W/(m·K), meeting WT 2021 U≤0.15 W/m²K. BOKKA technical guide.
Terrace Insulation with PIR Boards — Layers, U-value, λD | BOKKA
How to correctly insulate a terrace above a heated room? Cross-section layers, PIR board selection, λD 0.019–0.022, U ≤ 0.15 W/m²K per WT 2021.
Over-rafter PIR Roof Insulation — Technical Guide
Over-rafter PIR insulation method: layer build-up, λD 0.022, WT 2021-compliant U-values, thickness selection and comparison with mineral wool and XPS.
Thermal Conductivity λ — B2B Guide to PIR Insulation | BOKKA
Thermal conductivity λD explained: how to read it, how to select PIR insulation for WT 2021 compliance. Material comparison, tables, FAQ for B2B.
PIR Insulation for Ground-Bearing Floors — WT 2021 Compliance
How to insulate a ground-bearing floor to WT 2021. PIR board selection, required thicknesses, U ≤ 0.30 W/m²K, mechanical loads and underfloor heating.
Smog in Poland & Thermal Upgrades — the Role of PIR Boards | BOKKA
2024 smog report: how energy retrofits with PIR boards (λD 0.022) cut PM2.5 and benzo(a)pyrene emissions. WT 2021, U-value and ETICS requirements.
Energy Audit of a Building — Thermal Retrofit with PIR
Energy audit step by step: report scope, thermographic surveys, PIR insulation selection for WT 2021. A practical B2B guide for investors.
Thermal Bridges — How to Eliminate Them with PIR Boards (WT 2021)
Thermal bridges account for up to 30% of heat loss. See how continuous termPIR® λD 0.022 insulation eliminates linear and point bridges per WT 2021.
Thermal Imaging Survey: Detecting Thermal Bridges | BOKKA
Thermal imaging surveys reveal thermal bridges, insulation defects and heat losses. Learn how to read thermograms and when to commission a diagnostic check.
PIR Boards for Flat Roofs — Insulation, U-value, Systems | BOKKA
PIR boards for flat roofs: termPIR® AL, Pro-F and izoGRASS® tapered insulation. λD 0.022, U≤0.15 W/m²K per WT 2021, FM Approved, BROOF(t1).
Over-Rafter Roof Insulation with PIR Boards — Complete Guide
Over-rafter installation of termPIR® boards eliminates thermal bridges and meets WT 2021 at minimum thickness. Parameters, U-value, installation technology.
Retrofitting Old Houses with PIR Boards — Energy Upgrade Guide
How to effectively insulate an old house with PIR boards? Heat-loss diagnosis, λD selection, thickness, WT 2021 compliance. A practical B2B retrofit guide.
PIR Insulation for Ground-Bearing Floors — WT 2021 Guide
How to insulate a ground-bearing floor with PIR boards per WT 2021. Variants, thicknesses, U-values, λD 0.022 and installation guidelines. B2B guide.
Building Law Reform & PIR Insulation: Impact on B2B Investors
Polish Building Law reform: project split, simplified procedures, WT 2021. How it affects PIR boards and sandwich panel selection in B2B investments.
PIR Board Applications — Where Polyurethane Insulation Excels | BOKKA
PIR boards in residential construction, warehouses, cold stores and livestock buildings. λD from 0.019, thicknesses, fire classes and variant selection.
termPIR® ETX — PIR Boards with Glass Fleece for ETICS | BOKKA
termPIR® ETX specs: glass fleece facing, λD 0.025–0.027, ETA 17/0066, step-by-step ETICS installation. Parameters, thicknesses, standards.
termPIR® AL — PIR Insulation Boards with λD 0.022 | BOKKA
termPIR® AL PIR boards — λD 0.022 W/(m·K), gas-tight Al facing, thicknesses 20–250 mm, FIT/LAP/TAG edges. Parameters, applications, installation.
How to Get Rid of Martens in the Attic? PIR as a Barrier
Stone martens in the attic — how to evict them effectively and humanely? See why rigid PIR boards form a barrier resistant to martens and rodents.
Clean Air Programme 2024 — Energy Retrofit with PIR Boards
Poland's Clean Air programme and energy retrofit: funding rules, energy audit and selecting termPIR® PIR boards for roof, slab and walls per WT 2021.
PIR Sandwich Panels in Agricultural Construction | BOKKA
PIR-core sandwich panels for agricultural construction — technical parameters, fire classes, EN 14509 and WT 2021 compliance. A practical B2B guide for investors.
Sandwich Panel Building Envelope — Selection Guide | BOKKA
PIR and mineral wool sandwich panels for warehouses, halls and chillers. Parameters, λD, fire classes, joint locks and project-based selection guide.
Pitched Roof Insulation with PIR Boards — Methods & Specs
Pitched roof insulation with PIR boards: comparison of over-rafter, between-rafter and under-rafter methods, thicknesses, λD 0.022 and WT 2021 requirements.
Attic Insulation Thickness per WT 2021 — PIR Boards | BOKKA
How thick should attic insulation be? Check WT 2021 requirements (U ≤ 0.15 W/m²K), a comparison of materials and termPIR® PIR board thicknesses.